Surgical Procedure Hazards and Adverse Effects
Every surgical procedure comes with the risk of complications, and specific risks may accompany certain procedures. The general risks of surgery may include:
Scarring
Scarring is an expected outcome in the healing process following a surgical incision. How a scar looks and how severe it may become varies significantly from person to person, depending on factors like skin type, genetics, and the size and location of the cut made during surgery. Some individuals might develop thicker, raised scars known as hypertrophic or keloid scars. In situations where scarring is less than desirable, treatment options are available, but these should be discussed and decided upon with guidance from your surgeon.
Infection
Any surgical procedure, including cosmetic surgery, can potentially lead to an infection. This happens when harmful bacteria enter and infect the surgical site, leading to symptoms such as redness, increased pain, formation of pus, and wounds that do not heal properly. Surgeons follow rigorous sterility protocols to minimise this risk, but it is crucial for patients to follow all post-surgery care instructions diligently.
Pain
Pain is a common side effect following surgery, with the intensity and duration varying based on the surgery type and the patient’s tolerance to pain. Some level of discomfort is normal, but if the pain becomes severe or lasts for an extended period, it could indicate a complication and should be addressed immediately. Surgeons typically provide guidance on managing pain, which may include prescribed pain medication and recommendations for ensuring a proper recovery.
Bleeding
Surgical procedures can sometimes result in bleeding, which can be external at the site of the surgery, or internal, known as a hematoma. Signs of a hematoma may include pain, pressure, or swelling in the affected area. If you notice any unusual swelling or bleeding after your surgery, it is vital to seek medical attention immediately.
Seroma
Seromas are collections of clear lymph fluid that can form under the skin after surgery, particularly when lymph vessels are disrupted, leading to fluid buildup. Signs of a seroma include increased pain, a feeling of pressure, a noticeable lump, or even clear fluid drainage at the surgical site. While seromas are typically minor complications, they may require drainage or additional treatments to ensure proper healing.
Anaesthetic Complications
The use of anesthesia is common in managing pain during surgery, but it does carry risks. Potential complications can include allergic reactions, damage caused by the intubation tube, a rare condition called malignant hyperthermia, and problems with blood pressure or breathing. Continuous monitoring during surgery helps to quickly identify and address any complications that arise.
Undesirable Cosmetic Outcome
Despite the use of advanced techniques and the experience of a qualified surgeon, there is always a risk of not achieving the desired aesthetic result after surgery. This could manifest as asymmetry, skin puckering, or results not meeting the patient’s expectations. It is important for patients to have realistic expectations and discuss potential outcomes with their surgeon during consultations. In some cases, revision surgery may be an option to correct unsatisfactory results, but success is not guaranteed.
Nerve Damage
Nerve damage is a rare but possible risk of surgery, often resulting from manipulation of tissues during surgery or accidental injury to nerves. This can lead to symptoms such as numbness, tingling, or loss of sensation in the affected area. While nerve function typically returns over time, permanent changes are possible, and any unusual sensations should be reported to your surgeon as soon as possible.
Bruising and Swelling
Bruising and swelling are common after surgery, and while they are normal parts of the healing process, excessive or prolonged symptoms can be a cause for concern. Following post-operative care instructions, including elevating the affected area, applying cold compresses, and avoiding strenuous activities, is crucial. However, if you notice unusually prolonged swelling or deep, dark bruising, it is important to contact us for an evaluation.
Death
While extremely rare, death is a potential risk of any surgical procedure, including cosmetic surgery. This can be due to severe complications, adverse reactions to anesthesia, or pre-existing health conditions. Patient safety is a top priority for your surgeon and their team, and they use rigorous pre-operative screening and the latest surgical techniques and protocols to minimise this risk. Being completely open about your entire medical history during consultations and closely following all pre-operative and post-operative guidelines is absolutely crucial.
